Extreme solar storms based on solar magnetic field

摘要

Many questions have to be answered before understanding the relationshipbetween the emerging magnetic flux through the solar surface and the extremegeoeffective events. Which threshold determines the onset of the eruption? Whatis the upper limit in energy for a flare? Is the size of sunspot the onlycriteria to get extreme solar events? Based on observations of previous solar cycles, and theory, the mainingredients for getting X ray class flares and large Interplanetary Corona MassEjections e.g. the built up of the electric current in the corona, arepresented such as the existence of magnetic free energy, magnetic helicity,twist and stress in active regions. The upper limit of solar flare energy inspace research era and the possible chances to get super-flares and extremesolar events can be predicted using MHD simulation of coronal mass ejections